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Rhetorical and Cognitive BiasesAKA: Empty Praise, Virtue Words

The Glittering Generalities Fallacy

Uses vague, feel-good phrases that carry positive connotations but little concrete content.

Quick summary
  • Definition: Uses vague, feel-good phrases that carry positive connotations but little concrete content.
  • Impact: Glittering Generalities distorts reasoning by Feel-good language is not evidence. Without specifics, claims cannot be evaluated.
  • Identify: Look for patterns like Invoke a cherished value or vague positive phrase.

What is the Glittering Generalities fallacy?

By invoking broad ideals (‘freedom’, ‘innovation’, ‘family values’) without specifics, arguments can sound appealing while avoiding testable claims.

People lean on this pattern because It’s emotionally resonant, low-effort, and hard to attack without sounding opposed to the value named.

The Pattern
  • 1Invoke a cherished value or vague positive phrase.
  • 2Avoid details or definitions.
  • 3Treat audience’s positive feelings as endorsement of the claim.

Why the Glittering Generalities fallacy matters

This fallacy distorts reasoning by Feel-good language is not evidence. Without specifics, claims cannot be evaluated.. It often shows up in contexts like Politics, Branding, Advocacy, where quick takes and ambiguity can hide weak arguments.

Examples of Glittering Generalities in Everyday Life

Everyday Scenario
"Product marketing."
A:Our app empowers community and innovation.
B:What does it actually do?
Serious Context

A policy is sold as ‘defending freedom and prosperity’ without mechanisms, metrics, or trade-offs.

Why it is fallacious

Feel-good language is not evidence. Without specifics, claims cannot be evaluated.

Why people use it

It’s emotionally resonant, low-effort, and hard to attack without sounding opposed to the value named.

How to Counter It

Recognition

  • Vague virtues with no concrete definitions.
  • Absence of mechanisms, trade-offs, or evidence.
  • Critics are framed as opposing the named ideal.

Response

  • Ask for definitions, mechanisms, and metrics.
  • Request examples or evidence that tie claims to outcomes.
  • Reframe around specifics rather than labels.
Common phrases that signal this fallacy
  • “Glittering Generalities” style claim: Uses vague, feel-good phrases that carry positive connotations but little concrete content.
  • Watch for phrasing that skips evidence, e.g. "Uses vague, feel-good phrases that carry positive connotations but little concrete content"
  • Pattern hint: Invoke a cherished value or vague positive phrase.
Better reasoning / Repair the argument

Ask for definitions, mechanisms, and metrics.

Often confused with

Glittering Generalities is often mistaken for Deepity, but the patterns differ. Compare the steps above to see why this fallacy misleads in its own way.

Variants

Close variations that are easy to confuse with Glittering Generalities.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Glittering Generalities always invalid?

Glittering Generalities signals a weak reasoning pattern. Even if the conclusion is true, the path to it is unreliable and should be rebuilt with sound support.

How does Glittering Generalities differ from Deepity?

Glittering Generalities follows the pattern listed here, while Deepity fails in a different way. Looking at the pattern helps choose the right diagnosis.

Where does Glittering Generalities commonly appear?

You will find it in everyday debates, opinion columns, marketing claims, and quick social posts—anywhere speed or emotion encourages shortcuts.

Can Glittering Generalities ever be reasonable?

It can feel persuasive, but it remains logically weak. A careful version should replace the fallacious step with evidence or valid structure.

Further reading